Inspired By Author, Harriet Beecher, Sarah Orne Jewett...

Sarah Orne Jewett began writing at an early age as she was inspired by, The Pearl of Orr’s Island written by Harriet Beecher Stowe. Jewett began writing in the style of the author of her inspiration and thus fell in love with the style of writing that encapsulated nearly every author of her time, local color writing. Local color writing is a style of writing that became popular just after the Civil War. Many writers began writing with a focus on the way of life and nature in their direct surrounding areas and regions. As mentioned by The Norton Anthology: American Literature Volume 2, local color writing embodies the depiction of, â€Å"...the topographies, people, speech patterns, and modes of life of the nation’s distinctive regions† (412).†¦show more content†¦Each of these individually would not make up color writing but once they are all pieced together they create an environment so familiar to Jewett and those who know the coast of Maine well. Jewe tt writes the story as if the land is capable of enchantment and the reader gets that feel with each description of the land. This too is a crucial aspect of local color, specifically when it comes to satisfying the topography category. While each description of the land may not entirely be specific to Maine, it is their author that constructs such a combination that the land comes alive and is a crucial piece of the story just as crucial as the characters themselves. The characters in A White Heron are not entirely specific to Maine, but their speech patterns as well as their way of life are for sure. The first example of how the characters add to the local color of the story is when the ornithologist first meets Sylvia. The stranger first met Sylvia out in nature while Sylvia was walking with her grandmother’s cow. The stranger was not in a place that he knew well and asked Sylvia about where the road is. Sylvia helped the stranger because he had lost his way. This is a gre at example of how A White Heron is local color writing. Sylvia represents her region of Maine and the stranger is just a representation of people from outside of the Maine region that Sylvia hails from. Even though Sylvia is much younger and much less experienced in the wild than the ornithologist,

The Teachings Of The Buddha - 1174 Words

One of the central teachings of the Buddha himself is a fair and kind treatment of all beings on earth. Many Buddhists become vegetarians or vegans to honor the wisdoms of Siddhartha, not wanting to harm any animal for the benefit of food for themselves. Even though this effort is such a commonly addressed trend, discussion regarding Buddhist interaction with other humans occurs less regularly, especially in times conflict. There have been several cases in history that violence has been the only answer – or at least it seems to be that way. Numerous wars and conflicts have come about in the past with close ties to religion. Judaism serves as a strong example in the origins of World War II, similarly to Islam in the War of Terror in the†¦show more content†¦The proposals these two authors provide stand in the function of the beginning of the explanation of violence in Buddhist communities. When one searches through a law enforcements’ point of view, they first b egin by looking at the basic ideas that Buddhists believe. Daye states there are nine key beliefs that shape the Buddhist mind – Karma, Afterlife, Interdependence of all things, Nirvana, Bodhisattvas, Change, Four Basic Illusions, Fate, Evil and Death, and Buddhist contextual pragmatism and truth. Karma stands as the basic thought of â€Å"you get what you give†. This can be taken as simply or to the same degree in depth as one wants to interpret. This idea leads to the belief of an afterlife and the cycle of interdependent origination. Good karma in one’s life can lead to a positive afterlife, while if one commits wrong doings, they may end up in an unwanted rebirth. This shows that everything is an effect of something before and a cause of something to come after. Everything is interdependent of each other and would not be without other things. Daye discusses change as the following basic idea. This can be summarized as the karmic causations creating the illu sion of personal permanence. Instead of permanent beings, people and all beings are instead a process of change over time.3 In these first few

Pablo Ruiz Picasso and Frida Kahlo Free Essays

â€Å"It is difficult to get a sense of an artist’s practice on the basis of one work† (Art world Magazine) The works of both Picasso and Kahlo are recognised worldwide and are typified by their unique styles that portray their expressive meaning, both artists worked in the modern art movement of Surrealism fusing the dream world with reality. Their lives were intrinsically linked to their conceptual frameworks which related to world events, politics and life experiences. Both artists explore a variety of concepts through their works and it is difficult to know the artist’s practice on the basis of one work this is why exploring a series of works helps to get a clearer understanding of how the artists works and how their conceptual framework relates to the artists practice. We will write a custom essay sample on Pablo Ruiz Picasso and Frida Kahlo or any similar topic only for you Order Now Picasso worked in the surrealist/cubist movement and was known for his works that portrayed his views on life experiences and world events. Examples of this in his diverse range of works would be his masterpiece titled â€Å"Guernica† Oil on canvas 349 cm ? 776 cm (137. 4 in ? 305. 5 in) (1937). Picasso’s purpose in painting it was to bring the world’s attention to the bombing of the Basque town of Guernica by German bombers, who were supporting the Nationalist forces of General Franco during the Spanish Civil War. This artwork deals with the subjective frame because it uses the artwork as a conduit for the artist’s experience, as the artwork is intrinsically linked to deeply felt emotional experiences. Although Picasso was austere about how his works should be viewed saying â€Å"I object to the idea that there should be three or four ways of interpreting my pictures there ought to be no more than one†. This is evident through his reoccurring symbolism and motifs used in his body of work known as the Blue period (1901–1904) which consisted of somber paintings using dark blue tones with the subject matter referring to the wretchedness and loneliness of women, these works were motivated by the suicide of his close friend Carlos Casagemas. Picasso’s painting â€Å"Self-portrait with Cloak† Oil on canvas 81 x 60 cm (1901) is an example of the work produced in the Blue period. The painting is similar to a Van Gough style portrait as it shows him wearing a dark coat; the colours of the painting coincide with the theme of blue and depression, which allows the viewer to relate to his personal state of mind. Following the blue period came the Rose period (1904-1906), this period contrasted drastically to the blue period with vibrant colours such as orange and pink, the subject matter changed as well consisting of circus performers, harlequins and acrobats. A example of the works in this is period is (Boy with a Pipe), 1905 Oil on canvas, 100 ? 81. cm. This vivid work depicts a Parisian boy holding a pipe in his left hand and wearing a wreath of flowers. Picasso’s conceptual framework was quite diverse and changed over periods of time; he created a diverse array of works linking life experiences, an example of this would be the transition from the somber, depressing blue period which reflected his personal state at that time to the upbeat and cheerful ro se period contained vibrant colours reflecting his newfound happiness in life. This evolution of works shows us that you cannot get sense of his artist practice on the basis of one work. Frida Kahlo is another surrealist artist Mexican culture is prominent in her works. She works in the†I paint myself because I am so often alone and because I am the subject I know best† (Frida Kahlo) this statement shows how the structural frame influences her work and describes her form of painting self portraits. Her artists practice involves exploration of identity as you can follow the development of her subject matter through her extensive production of self portraits. Although her form is limited to self portraits her artists practice cannot be identified on the basis of one painting, her works depict her journey through life like an autobiography. One of the defining moments of her life was when she was 18 and got in a serious car accident, she was permanently disabled, an example of Frida using her work to express her life experiences would be the painting titledâ€Å"The Bus†. 929. Oil on canvas. 26 x 56 cm. The painting depicts various classes in Mexican society and also makes reference to the accident that occurred that changed her life. Her use of self portraits helps to depict the evolution of herself throughout life, this is shown through her portraits such as The Two Fridas, 1939, Oil on canvas, 67†³ x 67. This portrait was painted after her divorce to Diego Rivera sh ows the emotional separation felt after their separation. How to cite Pablo Ruiz Picasso and Frida Kahlo, Papers

Self Awareness Career Strategy

Question: Discuss about theSelf Awareness for Career Strategy. Answer: Introduction: To have a planned career strategy is very vital. It shall help one to properly manage and work towards the direction of the goal fulfillment, and help to achieve whatever is expected or planned in a better and economical plus timely manner (International Limited, 2001). Strong fundamentals related to the career planning are what the great strategies are made upon. The absolute excellent results are due to strong fundamentals and complete follow-up in the each assignment. These are required to be very structured, or one may need just a few of the notes in each of the areas - like skills, knowledge and the qualities, what we like to do and the kind of jobs which interest us. The Self-assessment assists us carefully understand the personal as well as the career goals, preferences, our interests, weaknesses, and strengths. Personality: The case where the personality of a person who is concerned and connected to that task do not match the job, in such a kind of situations everyone, loses out. The main Big 5 Personality Traits Model is supposed to assist, as a manner to measure the most advanced dimensions of the personality. After complete understanding of the dimensions, one shall be able to understand all kinds of roles which is expected to fulfil completely and in a comprehensive manner. Big Five Personality Model According to Psychology David Buss, the evolutionary explanation for the 5 core personality traits shall carefully represent the most significant qualities which shape the social landscape. The Big 5 Personality Traits Model that calculates the 5 main key dimensions of the personalitys development for me are as follows: Complete Openness: Through this personality trait will develop the imagination or the intellect. Refer this measures the level of the creativity, and also the desire for the knowledge plus the new and innovative experiences (Neal et al., 2011). Conscientiousness It looks at each and every level which refers to the care one is required to take in life and work. If in case one scores very high in the conscientiousness, one is required to be organized, and we are to know how to formulate plans and thus follow them carefully. If we score less/low, we are likely to be disorganized and lax. Introversion/Extraversion Such dimension comprehensively measures the level of soci ability. Are we quiet or outgoing? Do wedraw proper energy out from a crowd, or do we find it complex and hard to work and be in and around others. Agreeableness It looks at the level of kindness and friendliness which we do possess for others. Do we have the sense of empathy? Can we sympathize and have faith and politeness for/with others. Natural Reactions It calculates the level of emotions. Do we react in a negative manner to the bad news and also do we yell at our colleagues, or do we react under such circumstances calmly? Do we worry a lot about all kinds of small details, or do we feel relaxed under some kinds of the stressful situations (Neal et al., 2011). Values and Motivators The values are the basic qualities which are considered as the most significant guiding principles which assist in setting up the priorities in our life and career. These are the highly personal as well as the well-defined ones which are purposeful plus the meaningful to us. Such values may alter in response to the change in life's situation and circumstances. These are generally thought to be the enduring one and also provide a comprehensive compass in order to set up goals and also for the decisions making. In the context of a career, where the alterations occur very fast and also the decisions refer the opportunities in the present work role or the new job opportunities may present themselves under many unexpected situations, it is considered as most critical to mute and also reflect on the significant values which are essential to us. (Silvia and Phillips, 2013) Intrinsic Values: It refers to the specific thing which motivates me to comprehensively and completely love my job/work ? Among the list of such values are the Giving to Community, Achievement, Independence, Status, and the Power. Work Environment Values: It refers to what working situations/conditions provide an optimum and complete environment in which we can do our best job? The Work Environment and its Values do include the learning, Fast-Paced, Benefits, Structure, Comfortable Income and much more. Work Content Values: Fact which makes the job activities the most engaging and also most satisfying to me? Among the all eighteen values refer this area are the values like the Problem Solving, Public Contact, Organizing, Creative and the Detailed. Work Relationship Values: Which characteristics of the interaction with other people in the job place/workplace are considered as the most significant to me? The work Relationship Values does have in it the Diversity, Open Communication, Teamwork, Leadership, Trust and the Competition (Silvia, 2002). Main 4 elements which make up the sense of motivation: Co mplete personal drive so as to achieve, the acute desire to further improve or also to meet the various companies standards; Comprehensive commitment to the personal and also the organizational goals and aims; The Initiative, which has been defined as the readiness or the eagerness to act on the available opportunities; and Optimism, the capability or the ability to always keep going plus to pursue the goals in the face of all kinds of the setbacks which come in the way. Emotional Intelligence: Self-regulation, Self-awareness or the Self-management and the Motivation.The term Self-motivation includes the personal drive so as to achieve and also improve the commitment towards the set goals, readiness and willingness to act upon the opportunities, initiative, and the optimism plus the resilience (Silvia, 2002). The Self-awareness is considered as the basic skill of being totally aware regarding the understanding of the self-emotions as these happen and as they also does evolve. The effective self-assessment refers the feelings and the complete emotions shall assist to comprehensively improve the self-esteem and the confidence. When it is learned to be completely aware of our emotions, the concerned skill of the self-regulation shall for sure relate to the managing of them very proportionately and very appropriately (Fernndez-Berrocal and Checa, 2016). The self-management skills do relate with the emotions we do feeling at a given time or also in the case of any given situatio ns/circumstance and it also concerns that in what better manner we deem and manage them. The self-control has been the fundamental part which concerns this, but the other aspects do relate to the activity or the outcome which we show at that time: If we behave in a way that is considered as good or not. (Herbst, Maree and Sibanda, 2008) Leadership: All aspiration is the ultimate desires to take on the challenges, responsibilities and the rewards which are typically demonstrated by the management people in the top roles. In order to demonstrate the aspiration, I will proactively get connected to the manager and may ask to think about to take on a latest assignment which is much more challenging than all the concerned those she has typically worked on, or one which requires much more personal kinds of the accountability, responsibility or the decision making. Whats main and important here is that Iwill take the first initiative and also do identifies herself to the immediate manager as the one who is willing and also ready for much more kinds of difficult and complex challenges? The ability is basically the combination of the innate characteristics plus the learned skills Emily has got an easy-going personality which makes her a very natural kind of person when it refers to the dealing with clients. Over the last few years, shes has been totally augmenting this as the innate characteristic with complete and also the learned skills, thus shes become habitual at alone managing the complex or the tough conversations with the clients (Scott, 2008). In the present situation will carefully handle clients queries and complaints in a responsive and calm manner, and also deliver some very exceptional customer facilities and services. The engagement is considered as the employees rational and the emotional commitment, intent to stay and the discretionary effort. Leadership shall help me to become a very high performer. It shall ensure that we do provide much advanced and better facilities to the clients we deal into, we shall also opt for a change of role after working in an single particular field for around two years and the change shall help us learn more and work for the organisation in a better manner and explore the professional qualities that we have. We are required to inform our immediate boss that we need to shift to another sphere of job work and the manager if feels convinced shall transfer us to another job segment which shall help us gain more knowledge and be a better worker in all the spheres of the task (Sculfor, 2015). What are your Approaches to Power, Politics, and Influence? Power has always been considered as the ability or the potential to influence the making of the decisions and also to properly control the resources of each and every segment. The organizational politics has been defined as the informal approaches so as to gain the power by means other than just the luck or the merit. Influence resembles the power, but on the other hand, it also tends to be much more indirect and subtle. Power -- the use of the power is in order to achieve the constructive ends refer the sake of all kinds of the personal gains and the aggrandizement. It is increased by the establishing of the procedures and the policies which enhance the scope of the positions control (Fleming and Spicer, 2008). This is also to be noted that the excessive politics plus the influence tactics may certainly harm the organization and also its members. The basic manners to control such activities do rely on the objective measures of the performance which is tied to the significant goals of the organization. Leadership and Decision Making: The proper decision-making is considered as the act of making a choice between the 2 or even more courses of action plans. The decisions are required to be capable of implemented, though on some organizational orpersonal level. We do, therefore, require being totally committed so as to take decision personally. Refer the career planning shall apply the below stated/following 2 theories : The Hollands Theory --- Most of the employees and the work environments are capable of being categorized by the 6 types-- Aims and targets of the instrument like the Interest profiler plus the Self-Directed Search, is looking to be defined as the individuals Holland Code. This theory is basically the underlying of the foundation refer the interpretation and the assessment guidelines, some examples of the assessment that are based on the Hollands Theory are the Campbell Interest, the Interest Profiler and also the Career Liftoff, the Skill Survey, Exploration, Interest Determination and the Assessment system (Jiang, 2014). The Supers Theory --- The career development of an individual is in a true sense divided into so many of the development stages, and each of the stages has a big list of the specific works which are required to be accomplished during that particular stage. At the time when the works of the given stage are completed, the individual is mature and completely and developmentally on the schedule thus, it is much more likely to be completed by the tasks of next life's stage (Lee and Paradowski, 2007). Though, individuals are developmentally off the immature or the schedule and also may have complexities in the stages of life to follow. Conclusion: Refer the discussion which has been explained above this is evident that the proper planning, strategy making and carefully implementation and follow-up of those plans are significant and these targets shall for sure achieved if proper control is also administered. All of the 5 personality models, the values, and the motivators are all significant; the leadership quality is also required to be properly input so as to make the targets look easy and achievable. The power and the politics approaches are also to be handled with due diligence and control. At last the planning is to be tracked at regular interval and the decision making is to be given proper importance. The leadership qualities and applying the personality traits, the decision making with the help of the decision making theories also in a great way help in the achievement of the career growth and to overcome the weaknesses which are faced by me during the self assessment of the job. References Fernndez-Berrocal, P. and Checa, P. (2016). Editorial: Emotional Intelligence and Cognitive Abilities.Frontiers in Psychology, 7. Fleming, P. and Spicer, A. (2008). Beyond Power and Resistance: New Approaches to Organizational Politics.Management Communication Quarterly, 21(3), pp.301-309. Herbst, H., Maree, J. and Sibanda, E. (2008). Emotional intelligence and leadership abilities.South African Journal of Higher Education, 20(5). International Limited, L. (2001). Developing Your Career: A Condensed Selfà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ study Learning System20015 Developing Your Career: A Condensed Selfà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ study Learning System . Aldershot: Gower 1999. 188 pp., ISBN: ISBN 0 566 08267 5 (looseleaf ringbound) 80.00.Leadership Organization Development Journal, 22(2), pp.88-92. Jiang, Z. (2014). Emotional Intelligence and Career Decision-Making Self-Efficacy: National and Gender Differences.Journal of Employment Counseling, 51(3), pp.112-124. Lee, M. and Paradowski, M. (2007). Group Decision-Making on an Optimal Stopping Problem.The Journal of Problem Solving, 1(2). Neal, A., Yeo, G., Koy, A. and Xiao, T. (2011). Predicting the form and direction of work role performance from the Big 5 model of personality traits.Journal of Organizational Behavior, 33(2), pp.175-192. Scott, J. (2008). Visual representations in problem solving and decision-making.International Journal of Management and Decision Making, 9(3), p.266. Sculfor, V. (2015). Developing your career in information.Business Information Review, 32(4), pp.231-234. Silvia, P. (2002). Self-Awareness and the Regulation of Emotional Intensity.Self and Identity, 1(1), pp.3-10. Silvia, P. and Phillips, A. (2013). Self-awareness Without Awareness? Implicit Self-focused Attention and Behavioral Self-regulation.Self and Identity, 12(2), pp.114-127.

aging population essays

aging population essays Ageing population is a worldwide pattern. The population is getting older this has social, political and economic impact on all societies. New Zealands ageing population is a consequence of many factors. It raises many issues with the policies of New Zealand. The factors that contribute to New Zealands increase in elderly are clear. High fertility rates, low mortality rates and the ageing of the immigrants that came to New Zealand in the first two decades of the century. This demographic change is putting increasing demand on New Zealands social services. Higher fertility rates occurred during the early nineteen hundreds. This is when most of todays elderly were born. This period is referred to as the Baby boomers. This is where an extra large cohort of people were born between 1946 1962. (Easton, 1980 p 71). Fertility now is on the decline and women are having on average one child less than in the 1950s. This is causing a generation gap, between the youth, working-age and the elderly. Variation in fertility is usually regarded as the predominant cause of change in age structure. (Heenan, 1993). Census forms taken every five years in New Zealand are the current source of research, and these may predict that generational inequality can occur. The second factor contributing to New Zealands Ageing population is Immigration. Historically immigration has always been important, and for a long period it to also regarded as the predominant, cause of population ageing in New Zealand. (Heenan, 1993). Immigration affects the elderly more than the younger age groups. Foreign born represent a large share of elderly New Zealanders. Census forms have been used to find out the number of immigrants in New Zealand. I question the validity of the testing and the results. Consequently ageing immigrants also brought about the change from a male dominant population to a f ...

Writing Guide for Classification Essay on Globalization

Writing Guide for Classification Essay on Globalization Welcome to our final guide, writing guide for classification essay on globalization, where you’ll learn what is a classification essay and how it’s really written. This guide would help you to make your own essay a classic. It would beautify your composition and would compel your professor or instructor to admire your work and give you a pat on the back (in some cases). But first things first. Before reading this guide, you should keep in mind that without reading our first and second guides, i.e. 10 facts for classification essay on globalization and 20 classification essay topics on globalization, this guide is useless. You have to read all our guidelines to make sure that your essay gets you the expected marks! With that being said, let’s talk about what a classification essay really is: What is It? The organization of things/items into categories/group is known as classification. This is what you actually do in a classification essay. You talk about one particular topic/object and then classify it with a suitable category. To make it more simpler, here is how it’s written: Writing an Effective Classification Essay In order to write an effective and well-composed essay, you should focus on: Sorting out the object/topic/things into useful categories. Ensuring that every category you have focused on has same principle. Giving examples that are suitable with the category. Finding suitable categories for your topic/subject/object. Finding categories is really what is considered essential in a classification essay. You have to classify things in a logical way and to do that, you have to find suitable categories that you can put those things into. Let’s take an example here. You have bought three pairs of shoes, but instead of putting them in random cabinets, you put them where they belong i.e. one pair would be categorized as a a formal wear, the other would be a semi-formal and the last one could be a casual wear. This is how you really categorize things. Very simple, indeed. Writing the Thesis Statement The thesis statement of a classification essay is usually different from what you might have written on other types of essays. This kind of thesis includes the topic itself, and a brief answer of how it’s classified. For example, During the visit to Hawaii, there are three water sports that you must experience in order to get the most out of the visit: surfing, snorkeling and sailing. How to Actually Write It Determine the Categories A classification essay should be thoroughly written. You shouldn’t avoid writing any category that might be an important one for the topic/object you’ve chosen. Similarly, you shouldn’t also include too many categories, especially those that may blur your classification. In simple terms, use the most appropriate categories in your classification essay. For example, if you’re writing on sport shoes, don’t categorize it with bowling or fashion shoes, that would be inappropriate and would blur your audience too. Classify by a Single Principle Classify your categories into a single organizing principle. This is how you actually sort the groups, as such classification helps clarify your categories even more. To do that, don’t blend your essay with other organizing principles. Keep your essay focused only on one particular principle. For example, if you’re writing on a tourist-oriented paper that talks about watersports, using a native watersports orientation would include different categories than the tourist oriented one. Support Categories with Examples Of course, you can’t expect a well-written essay to be without a supporting paragraph. These paragraphs would fill in the examples that support each categories. Just make sure that all the examples are equally supporting with some solid facts that are relevant to the point you are trying to make. Also, all categories should have equal amount of example and be of similar word count. However, the last category may require more examples, so you can add more elaborated examples there, but nowhere else. Conclusion Once you categorize your topic/subject, the last thing you want to do is take the reader back to what the essay really is all about. It’s more like a rewinding of what had been discussed previously. Once that’s taken care of, your first draft of the essay is complete. Before submitting it, make sure you proofread it thoroughly and add more stuff that can beautify your classification essay and can make it exemplary. That’s it! You’re now ready to submit your essay.

Has financial globalization failed to meet expectations Discuss Essay

Has financial globalization failed to meet expectations Discuss - Essay Example However, despite positive predictions of neoclassical models, there is empirical evidence, which calls into question the positive impact of financial globalization (Stulz 2005). The aim of this paper is to define the expectations associated with financial globalization and to explore whether financial globalization has failed to meet these expectations. Global cross-border liberalization of trade (the second age) in financial assets also knows as financial globalization has become possible after the WWII, when the countries have removed their barriers (Stulz, 2005; Mishkin, 2009). According to the neoclassical theorists, such a shift to financial liberalization should have been beneficial to both developed and developing economies (Stulz, 2005). The benefits associated with global liberalization were expected to be especially large and significant for developing countries (Kose, 2009). Great examples could be listed here are two the most populous countries in the world, which have managed to reduce the percentage of extremely poor people and, thus, to reduce income inequality in developing markets (Mishkin, 2009). Furthermore, financial integration is viewed as an important step for middle income emerging markets enabling to enhance macroeconomic stability in developing countries (Kose et al., 2009:9). In result of financial integr ation, capital-poor (developing) countries are expected to expand their narrow production bases (often dependent of natural resources or agricultural sector) leading to enhanced specialization and, thus, to decrease macroeconomic volatility (Kose et al., 2009). Moreover, liberalizations of equity market are recognized to be a strong driver of both short-term and medium-term growth (Kose et al., 2009). Mishkin (2006) in his book â€Å"The Next Great Globalization† also explains the benefits of financial globalization, arguing that financial globalization can bring huge benefits if there will be undertaken the

Cover Letter--Investment Analyst-- DT Capital Advisory Essay

Cover Letter--Investment Analyst-- DT Capital Advisory - Essay Example Bachelor of Commerce program has been immensely helpful for my professional career. This program has focused on different areas and aspects of business such as finance, accounting, management, human resource management, economics and other vital areas of business studies. This degree has certainly enhanced my knowledge related to business and managing business. I am doing double specialization in Finance and Economics and Management. Therefore by having double specialization, I will have knowledge related to Finance, Investment, Economics, and Financial affairs and other finance related subjects and at the same time I will study courses such as management, human resource management, and others. As I have already worked in different companies, therefore, these experiences have helped me in knowing about practicality of different business and finance concepts. I was working as a Credit assistant at China Minsheng Banking Corporation. This job allowed me to do to investigate and evaluate the profile of customers and then recommend their credit limit. I have also worked and provided credit investigation reports of 6 projects to the Risk Management Executive Committee within demanding timelines. I have also worked at Guangdong Zhongnuo Wealth Capital Management Corporation as Management Associate. At this organization, I have worked with different departments of the company including human resource, capital market, and marketing, and this helped me to learn about different aspects and domains of business. Because of my characteristics and performance, I was assigned the responsibilities of team leader for conducting intensive advertising campaign. All these experiences have hel ped me in have a better understanding of how businesses operate and the importance of different departments at the workplace. In the future, I want to be a financial analyst or want to work in a brokerage house where I

Construction and operation of aircraft fluid systems Coursework

Construction and operation of aircraft fluid systems - Coursework Example The turbine engine and the pneumatic power generation component are integral. Largely, the engine component is responsible to the pneumatic power generation. The constructional design of the power generation component takes into consideration the needs to regulate pressure and temperature. Normally, bled air conditions depend on the engine functioning conditions. Critics contend that bleeding the air from the engine can lead to engine suffocation consequently leading to mechanical breakdown. The pneumatic compressor bleeds air from the engine in various stages, a low-pressure port, intermediate and high-pressure port. The compressor has a check valve, which prevents air from moving to low pressure port during bleeding. By design, the low-pressure port is always open, but the shut valve may close it if the engine is a critical condition. The pneumatic power system in aircraft is a secondary power. By design, bleed air is tapped from one or more points along the engine compressor to pr ovide pneumatic power. To achieve the requirement drive shafts, from the engine’s high pressure shaft, drive an accessory gear box on which are mounted generators and hydraulic pumps as well as engine’s own accessories. ... The pneumatic power system has several functions in an aircraft. These functions are air conditioning and pressurization. In aircrafts for civil transport, bleed air is useful in extracting the secondary source of power. The users of the pneumatic power system are air conditioning system and pressurization systems. By design, the air pressure in the aircraft cabin should be at a pressure equivalent to 8000 feet or less and this requires a constant supply of air. It follows therefore that the pneumatic power systems must supply the required pressure in the aircraft. Moreover, the oxygen used in the aircraft requires replacement at constant intervals. Normally, the contaminant level should be under check to avoid suffocation in the aircraft. To control this process, the aircraft requires a source of air pressure that can aid the sucking of the contaminated air and replacing it with fresh air. The pneumatic power systems provides effective high pressure used in the above requirement. Th e process of air conditioning passes through numerous stages ranging from sucking the contaminated air, filtering as well as supplying the fresh air alongside a maintained temperature. The pneumatic power systems drive the ice protection systems. Dangerous icing conditionings are no longer a threat to the modern aircraft because of the modernization of the aircraft components. However, critics have several reasons behind the need to protect aircraft from icing conditions. Some of the reasons adduced against this factor include possibility of accidents resulting from the accretion of ice on the lifting surface of aircraft. The major cause of engine intake icing is the special flow conditions present and most aircraft have at least some provision for de icing in this region of the frame.

Success Or Failure Of The Euro Currency Economics Essay

Success Or Failure Of The Euro Currency Economics Essay Chapter 1: Introduction: When the European Union was founded in 1957 their initial endeavor was to establish a common market. However they found this idea not taking shape as their financial objectives didnt seem to prosper due to lack of a common c. In 1992, the Maastricht Treaty paved the way for a single c for the EU. Its been a decade since euro had been floated into the international markets. With its introduction in the rush for globalization saw many gains for euro in terms of increase in cross-border capital, trade, and outsourcing, securities and foreign exchange markets turnover as well as in cross-border asset holdings. The decade even saw a huge mounting up of foreign reserves due to growing current account imbalances. With euro taking the role of an international c, there had been drastic changes in the international markets with portfolios being shifted from dollar-denominated to euro-denominated which had led to depreciation in dollar. Moreover Bank of Chinas opinion to support stronger currencies had added to the dollar depreciation. Research aim: The main aim of the research is to understand the sustainability of euro based on financial, economic and political factors. With the euro combining various markets into a single European market, consumer welfare has improved. This had led to convergence of money and capital markets through increased competition, market liquidity and transparency in operation with economies of scale and scope. Euro has gained the potential of risk diversification and more efficient allocation of capital resources. Elimination of exchange rate risk has increased price transparency, thereby reducing transaction costs and boosting competition in international markets. Research objective: The primary intention is to analyze if the future of euro is moving towards success or failure given the social, economic and political factors. While the euro c as well as its policy framework has attributed to stability and prosperity in euro area, the global crisis identified the necessity to strengthen European economic governance as a remedy against future challenges. Euro has gained importance in global markets by allowing global public and private investors to diversify their asset allocation and borrowers to find other sources of funding. Proper and timely actions by the European Financial stability Facility had helped a great extent in safeguarding euro so far. With the European Stability Mechanism being activated till June 2013, financial stability of the euro area is expected to be in full transparency so as to revive in times of financial distress. Research questions: Will the size of the economy help in sustaining the euro stability? Will focus on international trade help in stabilizing? Based on the size, depth, liquidity and openness of the domestic financial markets, can the euro be stabilized? Is the euro stable enough to ensure easy convertibility of its c? Can macroeconomics play a vital role in preserving euro stability? Significance of the study: The study aims to implicate the following: Need for further economic amalgamation so as to tackle problems in times of crisis. Need for a banking union thereby giving control to European Central Bank (ECB) to oversee all euro-zone banks in one step process. Government efforts are needed in order to devise economic and fiscal outline which are essential to the euro c. Efforts are also needed from financial market participants and supervisors, given that the maintenance of the financial market stability plays a crucial role for monetary and macroeconomic stability. Research objectives: The main objective of this report is to assess the success or failure of implementing a unified c, being the Euro c. Examining this topic yields a look into the viability of having a uniform c across a region with similar economic and political attributes. When the idea of a single c was first suggested, doubts raised as to the credibility of the governance as each member states had different political heads. With the single c, however all these political heads would be combined as one governing body to govern all member states. However in a region with similar economic and political attributes, the idea seemed successful with the formation of EU which consisted of European Council to manage course of actions and to suggest new laws; the European parliament to discuss on and endorse laws suggested by the council finally the European Commission with personnel to accomplish the laws. The EU helped a great deal in providing effective governance in the Euro-zone which helped European economy overtake US economy in 2009 with a trade of $14.5 trillion against US trade of $14.3 trillion, thereby accounting to 40% of the worlds economic power. Further, researching the different factors and aspects of what makes a c succeed or fail in meeting its set objectives shall provide insight into understanding the dynamics of the relationship between members of the EU. The vital factors that help judge the efficacy of a c are the size of the economy, political stability, and role in international trade, transparency and openness in domestic markets, easy convertibility to cash and impact of macroeconomics in preserving euro. Relationship between EU members had been strengthened after the launch of euro. Thats because almost 17 of the 27 member states have approved euro. It has also paved the way for a single monetary council to govern the functioning of euro throughout the euro-zone. Moreover cross border trade had increased which was mainly due to creation of single c which cuts transaction costs. Transparency had also been maintained with the euro in domestic markets without price fluctuations. Tourism had also increased with the launching of euro, as tourists didnt have to keep changing their currencies when travelling around the euro-zone. This way Euro ensured easy convertibility of cash. Finally member countries which were financially rich in EU were used to backup poorer economies in EU, thereby ensuring financial stability whenever any of the macroeconomic components triggered a threat to EU. It was this backup which helped euro from failing to a greater extent when the 2008 crisis broke out. The report also provides ground for analyzing the advantages of poorer EU member states adopting the Euro c. This will check the economic drive that can occur from having a monetary union between countries with varying economic statures. The advantages of poorer economies joining the euro can be said to be both an advantage as well as a disadvantage. Its an advantage as even if they fail to repay bills owing to crisis, with the help of EMU they would get help from the richer economies in EU to repay the bills. Disadvantage can be attributed to the fact that salaries may be lesser in less productive areas when compared to salaries of employees in higher production areas. This advantage is due to the fact that all of these employees are now paid in Euros. So indirectly it can pose a threat as the standard of living may vary from place to place, but the salaries remain the same, thereby generating problems in getting even basic daily household things. For example, we may consider the following example between Greece and Germany. Item 2000 2010 Greek German Greek German Number of cups made an hour 5 5 10 20 Employee wage per hour 5 drachma 5 euro 10 euro 12 euro Cost of making a cup 1 drachma 1 euro 1 euro 0.60 euro The above example gives an insight as to more production at lower price thereby encouraging more demand gaining big. However Greece seems to be losing the race. The report also will touch on the aftermath of failures in the Euro, if any, and the remedial measures that can be adopted in case of such failures. This also gives indication to other regions that may want to adopt the strategies used by the Euro while avoiding the negative aspects of the Euro example. There is a perception in euro that it is working only in favour of France and Germany, but the real fact is these countries have achieved little in terms of bargaining success. Even if they had been doing well, ii happens that in times of debt by other EU countries, such rich countries will have to take the burden of clearing unpaid bills, thereby making it impossible for such countries to decide on their infrastructure plans. Moreover in the aftermath of 2008 crisis, TARGET 2 set for the purpose of clearing euro combined all imbalances between banks in the euro-zone. However this failed to meet its objective right from 2007 till 2011, there was an increase in the capital from weaker countries. When the entire euro-zone was undergoing crisis, Germany was doing relatively well, thereby showing diversification in thoughts in terms of social and political issues. In order to prevent failing of euro, policies have to be effectively modified in such a way that there is a win-win situation between both the financially rich and poorer countries, thereby ensuring equal competition. In times of crisis, EU member states can increase inflation rates for a while thereby ensuring their economic growth steady enough to get away from rising debts. However these two can be achieved only with political integration by all EU member states. Having a monetary union and examining its performance is an example set by the Euro. In case of a failure of the c, the report will try to highlight the possibility of discontinuing the circulation of the unified c and reverting to each countrys earlier adopted c. This success can be attributed to ECB cutting down the interest rates 3 times in 2012, thereby lowering borrowing costs creating confidence among investors in euro market that a euro-breakup would not be imminent. In short to say, collapse of the euro is not bound to happen soon, however the stability of euro is unclear in the future. Data collection method: The first hand data will be gathered by distributing questionnaires and analyzing the results. The questionnaires shall be distributed on three banks in the Kingdom of Bahrain which deal with the euro c. The secondary data has been taken from European commission website on inflation in the Euro area from 1960s to 2000s, fiscal position of the euro area in 1992, 1998 and 2007, mean intra-Euro-area correlation between Gross Domestic Product and Industrial Production, two indicators namely the number of years with negative gap sum of negative gaps as a percentage of GDP, macroeconomic performance indicators. Sample selection and selection criteria: The sample chosen are the employees of three banks in Bahrain who invest and deal with euro c. The banks are: Arcapita GFH Gulf Finance House ABC Arab Banking Corporation Survey methodology: The methodology involved analyzing the parameters for significance with the datas obtained from first hand and second hand data which are the survey and other previously published material. The magnitude of a countrys financial system is very vital to decide on its prospective use in the global markets. The global trade and magnitude of a countrys financial markets are related to the economic size. For instance, if we consider the export output between Korea and US, the former accounts for a much greater contribution. However as the US economy is 14 times larger than the Korean thereby making it embrace a much larger share in the world exports. The share of a country in international trade, the size and economy as well as the openness in financial markets forms determinants for demand of that countrys c in global markets. Chapter 2: Literature reviews: Some believe that Euro has failed to perform the required needs or reach the final destination of welfare for all. Instead it has become burden. Others believe that Euro has resulted in bringing a unity among the European nations which helped them to fight out the Economic depression seen in the last decade. The convertibility of a currency also forms a major determinant for demand of that currency, because unless there are less restrictions money is exchanged smoothly thereby ensuring increase in demand of currency. For example after World War II, most of the countries except US restricted their convertibility of currency thereby making US dollar readily available in markets increasing dollar demand. Following table gives a justification to the above determinants: Parameters United States Euro-area Japan Share of world GDP (%) 21.9 15.8 7.6 Share of world exports (%) 15.3 19.4 9.3 Financial markets ($ billions) 40,543.8 24,133.4 20,888.5 Bank assets ($ billions) 7,555.3 12,731.3 6,662.5 Domestic debt securities outstanding ($ billions) 15.426.3 5,521.9 6,444.9 Stock market capitalization ($ billions) 17,562.2 5,880.2 7,781.4 Following are some more factors that help to support and strengthen the study: 2.1 Macroeconomic level: Price stability and low-cost borrowing by European Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) helped ensure macroeconomic stability in Europe. Euro helped put an end to changes in exchange rates within Europe owing to changes from outside Europe. The following graph shows improvement in inflation performance thereby leading to sharp decline in price volatility. 2.2. distinction of the strength of the currencies Similar lines of reasoning can be found in Magee and Rao (1980). They make a distinction between strong and weak currencies according to low and high inflation currencies. The intuition behind this being that in trade between low inflation industrial and high inflation developing countries, the low inflation currency of the industrial country dominates. Also, for trade in primary products a vehicle currency might be optimal. The importance of the choice between different currencies came back into the economic discussion when major exchange rates became flexible after the breakdown of Breton Woods in 1973. Viaene and de Vries (1992) take strategic bargaining considerations into account and introduce a forward market. In their model, exporters and importers bargain over the invoicing currency. Both are assumed to prefer their own currency, respectively. Viaene and de Vries find that the dominance of the exporters currency  can be due either to the first mover advantage of the exporting firm or to the monopoly power of the exporter who is more likely to have bargaining power as the firm faces a wide spread demand and not many competitors. 2.3 Currency risk Summing up the early literature, the main findings are that traders seek to avoid currency  risk by using their own currency and that, in trade between industrialized countries exporters are in general more likely to be able to avoid the currency risk.   When currencies are free to fluctuate there is, however, not only the issue of price uncertainty but also  demand uncertainty. 2.4 Invoicing currency: Donnenfeld and Zilcha (1991) present a first formal model in which a firms choice of invoicing currency is analyzed. They are also among the first to develop a model on the Microeconomic level in which the firm optimizes its profits. The main finding of Donnenfeld and Zilcha is that LCP is optimal for the exporting firm if the total revenue curve is concave in the foreign price. This is the case when the sensitivity of demand with respect to prices is not much higher the higher the price level. That is, if the price is set in producer currency and increases (in foreign currency) due to an appreciation of the exporting firms currency, profits will fall because demand will be reduced by more than the increase in profits due to the higher price received. In the case of depreciation, demand is not extended enough to compensate for the lower price the exporting firm receives, because demand is less sensitive to the price at the lower price level. If this is the case, higher variability in foreign prices, which comes with higher volatility in the exchange rate under PCP, lowers expected profits. Thus, under these conditions, high exchange rate volatility would lead the exporting firm to choose LCP.   2.5 Currency Market: Friberg (1997) extends the literature by including into the model a forward currency  market and the possibility to set prices in a third currency: vehicle currency  pricing (VCP). As in Donnenfeld and Zilcha the choice of the optimal currency setting is closely linked to the price elasticity of foreign demand. The second best currency pricing strategy depends on the relative exchange rate volatilities. If the exchange rate towards the vehicle currency exhibits low volatility compared to the bilateral exchange rate of the exporter and importer, VCP is preferred and vice versa.   Now, even under LCP the demand for the firms product is uncertain because the competitors might not price in local currency. In such a case fixing the relative price of the competing products can be important to the exporters so they might choose a common vehicle currency. This finding of choosing the currency  of the competitor is also common to a number of other studies. 2.6 Pricing Strategy: In particular, Bacchetta and van Wincoop (2002) use a NOEM model to analyze the optimal pricing strategy of exporters.  In a very elaborate general equilibrium framework that also takes into account exchange rate dependent costs they derive similar conclusions to those of Donnenfeld and Zilcha. 2.7 demand sensitivity of costs and price The driving factors for exporters to care about their relative prices are the demand sensitivity of costs and the price sensitivity of demand. It can be said that the higher the product differentiation, the lower the price sensitivity of demand. Exporters will, thus, prefer to invoice in their own currency if their products are highly differentiated, while they will pay attention to holding their relative prices constant if their products are less differentiated. This does not mean that less differentiated products are always invoiced in LCP, however. 2.8 market share of the exporting country in the foreign market Bacchetta and van Wincoop build into their model the market share of the exporting country in the foreign market that is, the share of the market that is accounted for by firms from a particular country or monetary area. Demand risk is minimized by invoicing in the currency that is most similar to the average invoicing currency chosen by competitors (Bacchetta and van Wincoop 2002, p. 15). For a monetary union, it is the market share of the entire currency union that matters and not the market share of an individual country. Exports of a monetary union are therefore more likely to be priced in producer currency, and imports to a monetary union more likely to be priced in local currency, because the monetary unions market share is more likely to be dominant. Goldberg and Tille (2005) call this behavior of choosing the currency of the competitor a herding effect. In their partial equilibrium three country model a dominant share of a currency other than the one of the exporter or the importer can make vehicle currency pricing the optimal choice. This herding effect takes place for industries with homogeneous goods where producers aim at keeping their prices relative to the competitors stable. Goldberg (2005) elaborates on this model by including a covariance between marginal cost and exchange rates. There is then also a hedging motive to choose a currency so that the exchange rate is correlated in such a way to shocks to exporters costs that marginal costs are positively correlated with marginal revenue. 2.9 Two-country dynamic general equilibrium model The most elaborate model so far was introduced by Devereux, Engel and Storegaard (2003). Using a two-country dynamic general equilibrium model with sticky prices, these authors analyze the implications of endogenous exchange rate pass-through. Their results show that the degree of pass-through depends on the relative stability of monetary policy; countries with relatively low monetary volatility experience low rates of exchange rate pass- through. The reason is that firms in both countries have an incentive to set their prices in the currency of the country with the low monetary volatility.  As a consequence, the country with low monetary volatility is shielded against exchange rate movements.   2.10 The export pricing behavior Engel (2005) analyses the export pricing behavior of firms in a static model, both in an environment with flexible and with fixed prices. He shows that the choice between producer currency pricing and local currency  pricing is independent of the degree of sluggishness in price adjustment. Under flexible price adjustment, producer currency pricing is optimal if the variance of the export price in the firms own currency is less than the variance of the price in the local currency of the importer. The same holds in an environment of fixed prices.   Summing up the theoretical literature the most important finding is that the optimal pricing strategies are very sensitive to the set of assumptions. In particular, the level of risk aversion and the existence of forward markets to hedge exchange rate risks matter for the results. First and foremost, however, the sensitivity of foreign demand to prices matters, which can be approximated by the homogeneity or differentiation of the product. When demand is sensitive to prices the market share of the exporting country, or more specifically, the currency used by the competitors matters. When the optimal currency choice depends on the currency used by competitors, herding in the same currency is optimal. Also, currencies of countries with monetary stability are more likely to be chosen as invoicing currency. 2.11 The Failure of the Euro Martin Feldstein (2012). As the author mentioned, the euro now shall be known as an experiment that failed. This failure, since the euro was first introduced, in 1999, was not an accident or the result of bureaucratic mismanagement but rather the inevitable results of imposing a single currency on a very heterogeneous group of countries. The adverse economic consequences of the euro include the sovereign debt crises in many European countries, the breakable condition of major European banks, high levels of unemployment crosswise the euro-zone, and the large trade deficits which now block most euro-zone countries. The political goal of creating a harmonious Europe has failed too. France and Germany have dictated hurtful austerity actions in Greece and Italy as a state of their financial help. Paris and Berlin have clashed over the role of the European Central Bank (ECB)à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹â€ and over how the burden of financial help will be shared. The early impetus that led to the European Monetary Union and the euro was political, not economic. European politicians rationalized that as the use of a common currency would instill in their publics a greater sense of belonging to a European community and that the shift of responsibility for monetary policy from national capitals to a single central bank in Frankfurt would signal a shift of political power. Michael Sivy (2011), as usually said big stories dont break, they ooze. The demise of the Euro is just such a story. Hence each time it oozes, U.S. stock markets drop. The collapse of the Euro, is now inevitable, in the authors view. When it happens, banks around the globe will be shaken and stock markets will plummet. Academics, journalists and even government officials have projected a set of schemes to save the Euro new European financial institutions, Eurobonds backed by all the countries collectively and even a United States of Europe. However it is clear that any such scheme to save the Euro would find little political support. The breakup will perhaps be extremely painful. Nevertheless, the alternatives may be even more unpalatable.

Causes Of The Great Depression Essay -- American History

Between the late 1890’s, after the panic of 1893, and the late 1920’s, the American people led good lives in which most prospered. In the 1920’s the problems that led to the Great Depression were dispersed over a time of maldistribution of wealth, and what was called a bull market. A bull market is a stock market that is based on speculation. Speculation was a system of borrowing money to buy stocks and selling for a profit. Speculation only worked if the stock market was on the rise though. To this day people who have not been properly educated about the Great Depression believe that President Hoover was the cause. The idea that President Herbert Hoover caused the Depression could have arisen from the fact that he was the President at the time the Depression began. However, the people who do not believe that President Hoover was the cause deem the crash of the stock market in 1929 as the real culprit. The truth behind the stock market crash is that it was the ev ent that caused the already unstable economy to go over the limit.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  If the president and the stock market crash did not cause the Great Depression, then what did? According to research done on the Great Depression, the causes rest on of different factors, but can be put under two main categories. The responsibility for the Great Depression falls not only on the Stock Market Crash, but also on the maldistribution of wealth, an unstable economy and the wild stock market practices of the 1920’s.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The largest reason for the growing gap between the rich and the working-class people was the sudden increase in manufacturing during the 1920’s. The people of the working class were significantly increasing their output, but their wages only increased slightly. For example, the average worker out put from 1923-1929 increased about 32%, but the average income of the worker only increased about 8% (Gusmorino, Main Causes of the Great Depression). Therefore one may conclude that wages only increased one-fourth the amount production increased. Another amazing feat of the manufacturing increase was that prices for goods stayed the same, therefore the executives in the companies were keeping the mass amounts of profit that were now coming into the company. In fact, one can see that top executives in a certain company increased significantly because their salaries from 1923-1929 rose 64% (Gusmorino, Main Cau... ...cantly, and investors began selling quickly. On the following Tuesday and Wednesday the prices began to stabilize. Then on Thursday, October 24, stock prices fell hard and even the biggest investors gave up on the market and sold their stocks. On the following Tuesday the stock market fell and the market was not able to get back up. This day is forever known as â€Å"Black Tuesday,† and the official start of the Great Depression. The speculation and the resulting stock market crash acted as the trigger for the already unstable United States economy. Due to the maldistribution of wealth and the unstable economy of the 1920’s, the nation headed into a decade of trouble. In response to its economic difficulties, the United States set up even higher trade barriers with other nations, causing more trouble within the nation. Many of the working class lost their jobs, and since these people did not have savings, they were in big trouble. Unemployment grew to 13 million by 1932 as the country quickly spiraled into a catastrophe. The Great Depression had begun due to the maldistribution of wealth, a bad economy based on over confidence, and the irresponsible erratic of the â€Å"bull† stock market.