Advantages and Disadvantages of Fossil Fuels - Free Essay Example

Advantages of fossil fuels * major advantage of fossil fuels is their capacity to generate huge amounts of electricity in just a single location. * Fossil fuels are very easy to find. * When coal is used in power plants, they are very cost effective. Coal is also in abundant supply. * Transporting oil and gas to the power stations can be made through the use of pipes making it an easy task. * Power plants that utilize gas are very efficient. * Power stations that make use of fossil fuel can be constructed in almost any location. This is possible as long as large quantities of fuel can be easily brought to the power plants. Disadvantages of Fossil Fuels * Pollution is a major disadvantage of fossil fuels. This is because they give off carbon dioxide when burned thereby causing a greenhouse effect. This is also the main contributory factor to the global warming experienced by the earth today. * Coal also produces carbon dioxide when burned compared to burning oil or gas. Additionall y, it gives off sulphur dioxide, a kind of gas that creates acid rain. * Environmentally, the mining of coal results in the destruction of wide areas of land. Mining this fossil fuel is also difficult and may endanger the lives of miners. Coal mining is considered one of the most dangerous jobs in the world. * Power stations that utilize coal need large amounts of fuel. In other words, they not only need truckloads but trainloads of coal on a regular basis to continue operating and generating electricity. This only means that coal-fired power plants should have reserves of coal in a large area near the plant’s location. * Use of natural gas can cause unpleasant odors and some problems especially with transportation. Use of crude oil causes pollution and poses environmental hazards such as oil spills when oil tankers, for instance, experience leaks or drown deep under the sea. Crude oil contains toxic chemicals which cause air pollutants when combusted. * Very large amounts of electricity can be generated in one place using coal, fairly cheaply. * Transporting oil and gas to the power stations is easy. * Gas-fired power stations are very efficient. * A fossil-fuelled power station can be built almost anywhere, so long as you can get large quantities of fuel to it. Didcot power station, in Oxfordshire, has a dedicated rail link to supply the coal. | | | Disadvantages * Basically, the main drawback of fossil fuels is pollution. Burning any fossil fuel produces carbon dioxide, which contributes to the greenhouse effect, warming the Earth. * Burning coal produces more carbon dioxide than burning oil or gas. It also produces sulphur dioxide, a gas that contributes to acid rain. We can reduce this before releasing the waste gases into the atmosphere. More details on clean coal technology from BBC News web site Mining coal can be difficult and dangerous. Strip mining destroys large areas of the landscape. * Coal-fired power stations need huge amounts of f uel, which means train-loads of coal almost constantly. In order to cope with changing demands for power, the station needs reserves. This means covering a large area of countryside next to the power station with piles of coal. Some advantages to using fossil fuels are: 1) They have incredible energy density. For their weight, they contain a lot of energy which enables us build machines for transportation (like cars, trains, and planes). Without this energy density we couldnt fly airplanes, even coal is too heavy to fly an airplane, so we need oil for that. The only fuels that Im aware of that have higher energy densities than oil are rocket fuels that are derived from fossil fuels, and nuclear fuel like Uranium. 2) They are easy and cheap to get. Oil, natural gas, and coal are relatively abundant and found in many parts of the world. 3) Alot of existing infrastructure is already geared towards the use of fossil fuels. We use fossil fuels not only to power our cars, but to produc e electricity, produce many important chemicals, and produce fertilizer. Some of the disadvantages: 1) Fossil fuels put out CO2 (a known greenhouse gas), they also often have nasty chemicals like lead and sulfur that get put in the air when we burn them. 2) There is a lot of political instability in the world due to where some fossil fuels are found. Primarily these locations are in the Middle East and it helps to fuel a lot of violence around the world. Some of the advantages of fossil fuels are * ALL fossil fuels originally derive their energy from the sun; thus all fossil fuels are essentially solar power. Easily combustible, and produces high energy upon combustion helping in locomotion and in the generation of electricity and various other forms of energy; * Coal burning alone accounts for more than 50% of the electricity in the USA electric grid * Widely and easily distributed all over the world; * Comparatively inexpensive due to large reserves and easy accessibility * Good availability * Inexpensive * Very large amounts of electricity can be generated in one place using coal, fairly cheaply. * Gas-fired power stations are very efficient. A fossil-fueled power station can be built almost anywhere, so long as you can get large quantities of fuel to it. Didcot power station, in Oxfordshire, UK, has a dedicated rail link to supply the coal. However, the important issue as of now is whether there are more advantages than disadvantages of fossil fuels ! Some people baselessly believe that carbon dioxide is responsible for allegedly increasing temperatures ignoring the long held, widely tested theory of ice age cycles and solar energy output cycles. Ironically all those people like all other mamals exhale carbon dioxide. Some disadvantages of fossil fuel are that they are Nonrenewable (in the sense that once used it is no longer available as the current use of that word violates laws of thermodynamics) * burning fossil fuels releases carbon dioxide: the ve ry same gas you exhale * mining of such fuels leads to irreversible damage to the adjoining environment; (narrow shafts for oil, caverns for coal, as opposed to displacing 90% of the population to grow enough corn) * Some speculate without evidence that it might run out this century * Prices for fossil fuels are rising, because certain lobbying factions do not want the USA to harvest its own vast oil-, coal-, and natural gas stores.

Raisin in the Sun Essay A Dream Deferred - 1327 Words

Dream Deferred in A Raisin in the Sun What happens to a dream deferred? (l. 1) Langston Hughes asks in his 1959 poem Dream Deferred. He suggests that it might dry up like a raisin in the sun (ll. 2-3) or stink like rotten meat (l. 6); however, at the end of the poem, Hughes offers another alternative by asking, Or does it explode? (l. 11). This is the view Lorraine Hansberry supports in her 1959 play A Raisin in the Sun. The drama opens with Walter reading, Set off another bomb yesterday (1831), from the front page of the morning newspaper; however, he is unaware that bombs will soon detonate inside his own house. These bombs are explosions of emotion caused by frustration among members of Walters family who are†¦show more content†¦I drive a man around in his limousine and I say, Yes, sir; no, sir; very good, sir; shall I take the Drive, sir? Mama, that aint no kind of job . . . that aint nothing at all (1855). Once the check arrives, Walter can think only of investing the money, which to him is life (1856); co nsequently, he does not give Ruth a chance to tell him she is pregnant and has decided to abort their baby. Mama interrupts Walter to encourage him to listen to his wife; however, this causes a detonation of Walters anger when he yells, WILL SOMEBODY PLEASE LISTEN TO ME TODAY! (1854). Ruth has made a habit out of not listening to Walter: rather than exploding in a fit of rage, the timid Ruth releases her frustration by nagging and ignoring her husband, but at times she explodes with joy. Ruth is tired and worn out like her house in the ghetto, and nagging Walter has become part of her daily routine; for instance, each morning Ruth complains, Why you always got to smoke before you eat in the morning? (1832). When Walter says he wants his eggs Not scrambled (1831), Ruth ignores him and automatically begins to scramble his eggs. She gives similar treatment to Walters sister: Ruth pesters Beneatha about cleaning her room and makes fun of her experimentation with different forms of expression (1843) by reminding Beneatha of her fifty-five-dollar riding habit thats been hanging in the closet (1842). Because she is afraid ofShow MoreRelatedA Raisin In The Sun: A Dream Deferred Essay1609 Words   |  7 Pages â€Å"What happens to a dream deferred?† (Hughes l . 1) Langston Hughes asks in his 1959 poem â€Å"Dream Deferred.† He suggests that it might â€Å"dry up like a raisin in the sun† (Hughes ll. 2-3) or â€Å"stink like rotten meat† (Hughes l. 6); however, at the end of the poem, Hughes offers another alternative by asking, â€Å"Or does it explode?† (Hughes l. 11) This is the view Lorraine Hansberry supports in her 1959 play A Raisin in the Sun, in witch she examines an African-American’s family’s struggle to breakRead MoreEssay on Dream Deferred in A Raisin in the Sun1050 Words   |  5 PagesWhat Happens to a Dream Deferred? Does it dry up like a raisin in the sun? Or fester like a sore– And then run? (Langston Hughes). It is important to never lose sight of one’s dream. Dreams are what keep people moving in life, but if they are ignored, they may morph and lose their prevailing form. This is evident in Lorraine Hansberry’s A Raisin in the Sun, as Walter’s, Beneatha’s, and Mama’s dreams become delayed, distorted, and blurred. Walter has long dreamed of making his family’sRead More A Raisin in the Sun Essay: Importance of Deferred Dreams734 Words   |  3 PagesImportance of Deferred Dreams in A Raisin in the Sun      Ã‚   A dream is a hope, a wish, and an aspiration. Young people have dreams about what they want to be when they grow up. Parents have dreams for their childrens future. Not all of these dreams come true at the desired moment - these dreams are postponed or deferred. A deferred dream is put on the back burner of life(Jemie 219), and it matures to its full potential, and is waiting when you are ready to pursue it(Jemie 219). It isRead MoreEssay on Dreams Deferred in Lorraine Hansberrys A Raisin in the Sun915 Words   |  4 Pages  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Lorraine Hansberry, the author of A Raisin in the Sun, supports the theme of her play from a montage of, A Dream Deferred, by Langston Hughes. Hughes asks, â€Å"What happens to a dream deferred?† He suggests many alternatives to answering the question. That it might â€Å"dry up like a raisin in the sun,† or â€Å"fester like a sore.† Yet the play maybe more closely related to Hughes final question of the poem, à ¢â‚¬Å"Or does it explode?† The play is full of bombs that are explosions of emotion set off by the frustrationRead MoreAnalysis Of A Raisin In The Sun1185 Words   |  5 PagesWilliams-Smart English 1B Professor Quinn Final Essay The epigraph to A Raisin in the Sun is Langston Hughes poem called A Dream Deferred which was written as an example of life in harlem. The lines are a introduction to the white societys actions to take away equal opportunity from black citizens. Hughes main point is that there could be consequences when peoples frustrations build up or accumulate to the point where they have to either surrender their dreams or allow strenuous circumstances toRead More Power of Langston Hughes Harlem (A Dream Deferred) Essay674 Words   |  3 PagesPower of Langston Hughes Harlem (A Dream Deferred) In our journey through life, we all have certain expectations of how we would like our lives to be. All of us strive to reach a certain level of self-actulization and acceptance. It could thus be said that all of us live a dream. Some of these individual dreams inevitably become the collective dream of many people. In Harlem (A Dream Deferred), Langston Hughes makes use of symbolism as well as powerful sensory imagery to show us the emotionsRead More A Comparison of the Dream Deferred in A Raisin in the Sun and Harlem1407 Words   |  6 PagesA Dream Deferred in A Raisin in the Sun and Harlem In Lorraine Hansberrys play A Raisin in the Sun, the author reveals a hard-working, honest African-American family struggling to make their dreams come true. Langston Hughes poem, Harlem, illustrates what could happen if those dreams never came to fruition. Together, both Hansberry and Hughes show the effects on human beings when a long-awaited dream is thwarted by economic and social hardships. Each of the characters in A RaisinRead MoreThe American Nightmare: Lorraine Hansberry’s A Raisin in the Sun1011 Words   |  5 PagesIn Lorraine Hansberry’s â€Å"A Raisin in the Sun†, she uses the African American Younger family as a representation of the entire race’s struggle for the American Dream. America has always had slogans such as â€Å"the land of the free† and â€Å"liberty and justice for all†. The Younger family is finding out, like generations before them, the American Dream isn’t at all what it seems if you’re black. The family eagerly awaits the insurance check from the death of their father, while living a life of constantRead MoreThe Dream Deferred By Langston Hughes1020 Words   |  5 Pages â€Å"Dream Deferred,† is a poem written by Langston Hughes discussing what may become of a dream that is put off, delayed, or postponed by external influences. Throughout the poem, Hughes uses questions about concrete things in everyday life and compares them to the ignored dreams. Langston Hughes isn’t referring to the dreams we have when we go to sleep at night, he’s referring to an aspiration or a desire. â€Å"Does it dry up Like a raisin in the sun?† (Hughes 970) The vision of his dream is vanishingRead MoreA Dream Deferred - a Literary Comparison1878 Words   |  8 PagesThe Dream Deferred – A Comparison Kristy Andrews Axia College of University of Phoenix In Lorraine Hansberrys play A Raisin in the Sun, the author reveals a hard-working, honest African-American family struggling to make their dreams come true. Langston Hughes poem, Harlem, illustrates what could happen if those dreams never came to fruition. Together, both Hansberry and Hughes show the effects on human beings when a long-awaited dream is thwarted by economic and social hardships. Each of

Monsoon Wedding Essay - 1041 Words

Monsoon wedding†(2007), an award winning movie, directed by mira nair. Features widely known Indian actors, such as Vasundhara Das, Naseeruddin Shah and Vijay Raaz. The film is based on the autobiographical account of Mira Nairs own family.( Manish Gajjar 2002) It is about a stressed father, a bride-to-be with a secret, a smitten events coordinator, and relatives from around the world who create much ado about the preparations for an arranged marriage in India (IMDB). The excellent exploitaation of symbolism, colour and costumes together with the contrast between modern and traditional India has been successfully depicted the Indian values and beliefs. Nonetheless, with the use of representations, and by dealing with the concept of†¦show more content†¦The Marigold flower is one of the significant symbols in â€Å"Monsoon Wedding† and is shown frequently thought out the film. Marigolds are one of the traditional flowers used in garlands and offerings in South Asia. Known in Hindi as gendha, marigolds are widely used in all kinds of rites and rituals. It represents and symbolise marriages, celebrations, romance and more (plantcultures 2008). When marigolds were used to decorate the wedding tent and the garden, this is evidence of their traditional value. Moreover, the scene of PK Dubey eating a marigold after an encounter with Alice indicates love and passion will grow. Therefore, marigolds are used to position audiences to understand the concept of love in the film; hence, it represents the importance meaning and value of marriage in Indian culture and society. Gender and Class These two aspects are also one of the key elements in â€Å"Monsoon Wedding†. The convocation of Varun and his father clearly demonstrate how Nair has reflects the India caste system (Mrdowling2005) within the movie. In the film, Varun, the bride’s brother, desires to become a chef. It is, however, a disappointment to his father, Lalit. The caste system has prevent Varun from fulfilling his dream, simply because becoming a chef will lower his status. In contrast, Nair challenges the dominant caste system by showing the romance between PK Dubey and Alice,Show MoreRelatedMonsoon Wedding : Indian Culture924 Words   |  4 PagesIn the film Monsoon Wedding, Indian culture is illustrated in the practices of the traditional Punjabi wedding. The wedding in the film was arranged as is the norm in Indian culture. Thought the wedding was rushed it was not forced. Aditi wanted to be married having realised the uncertainty of her previous relationship with a married man. Moreover, in the Indian culture, the father of the bride is responsible for financing the wedding and providing a dowry for the in-laws. Which Lalit, does butRead MoreMonsoon Wedding Analysis1337 Words   |  6 PagesNarrative o The films narrative is constructed around the erection of the wedding tent by PK Dubey. o The romance entanglements of the Punjabi family is played out against this manufactured nuptial event. o traces five intersecting stories, each navigating through different aspects of love of during a traditional Punjabi wedding in Delhi. In essence: o The love between a couple married for 25 years, teenage lust, the bride’s tryst with her lover the night before her arranged marriage toRead MoreMonsoon Wedding Essay633 Words   |  3 PagesOctober 19, 2004 English 102 A Wedding in a Monsoon and a Monsoon of a Wedding Marriage is an institution that has spanned time. In India it is one of their many traditions. It has changed lives for the better and for the worse. I will be looking at two different art forms that display marriage in two different sights. One will be Monsoon Wedding, a Mira Nair film, which portrays marriage, specifically arranged marriage, in a way that looks on the tradition not as a thing of the past but aRead MoreAnalytical Essay On The Monsoon Wedding869 Words   |  4 PagesMaddie Weir Monsoon Wedding Analytical Oral: ‘The Many Facets of Love’ We all have our own opinions on love. Some of us may be hopeless romantics who believe in meeting the ‘one’ and being swept up into a romance that will last forever. Others may think that all of that is rubbish and that love is something that people must work on in order to get right. Either way, love is something that affects all of us. The 2001 film, Monsoon Wedding, follows the lives of a Punjabi family as they prepare forRead MoreMira Nair s Monsoon Wedding1560 Words   |  7 PagesMira Nair I first remember hearing about Mira Nair last year, not in my Introduction to Cinema class but from my half-Indian friend who praised Mira Nair’s Monsoon Wedding. It should be noted that my first film teacher was a white man, older than sixty and not concerned with women directors; out of the sixteen films screened for the semester, two were directed by women and none by women of color. Mira Nair has a unique understanding that she is fighting a long and slow battle for her films to beRead MoreSocial Issues in the Movie Monsoon Wedding1121 Words   |  5 PagesMonsoon Wedding, a Bollywood film directed by Mira Nair and released in 2001, earned just above $30 million at the box office [1]. The film brilliantly depicts romantic entanglements during a traditional Punjabi wedding in Delhi, while delicately handling sensitive issues such as child-abuse, pre-arranged marital infidelity, growing old and striving to be different as an upper middle class Indian boy, or being a flirtat ious, bored but basically settled NRI (non-resident Indian) housewife. The filmRead MoreFilm Analysis: A Monsoon Wedding Essays2057 Words   |  9 Pageseconomic security was through marriage. Today, both men and women admire qualities such as intelligence, desire for children, and great personality, but for women, wealth and status are very important qualities (Crawford, 2012). In the movie, A Monsoon Wedding, the marriage that was about to take place was an arranged marriage. Aditi, a young woman who is still in love with an ex-boyfriend, has agreed to proceed with an arranged marriage, planned by her parents. In the beginning of the movie she statesRead More Nairs Techniques in film Monsoon Wedding Essay examples2120 Words   |  9 PagesNairs Techniques in film Monsoon Wedding Mira Nair directed the 2000 film Monsoon Wedding with the intention of making it a Bollywood film on her own terms. Through watching the film, it becomes evident that this was mixing traditional ideals of Indian Bollywood together with the modern elements of the West, such as those depicted in particular in Hollywood films, the Western equivalent of the Bollywood film industry although on not so large a scale. Nair spentRead MoreThe Punjabi Culture : A Culture That May Not Be Known About Outside Of The Original Culture1668 Words   |  7 PagesAmritapreet Kaur Grewal, who is Punjabi, the focus narrowed towards 7 marriage traditions. The marriage traditions consist of a seven-day long process with a special event on each day. The Punjabi wedding consists of seven components (events) which are Ladies Sangeet, Maiya, Mehndi, Jago, Chuda, the wedding, and the reception. I asked Amritapreet Kaur Grewal informed me that she will be explaining all the events from the wife’s side because the girls have different events from the boys. AmritapreetRead MoreEssay on Comparison of Monsson Wedding to Heat and Dust748 Words   |  3 Pages Despite differing in form, the film â€Å"Monsoon Wedding,† directed by Mira Nair and the novel â€Å"Heat and Dust,† by Ruth Prawler Jhabvala, have many similarities. Both of these texts convey an Indian world and the people in it. â€Å"Monsoon Wedding† is a party arthouse, party Bollywood film which deals with the leadup to the wedding of two young people, Aditi and Hermant. It combines their story with that of Aditi’s father, Lalit, and his family responsibilities, as well as the events occurring in the lives

TQ Management of the Emirates Airlines-Free-Samples-Myassignment

Question: Discuss about the Total Quality Management of the Emirates Airlines. Answer: Introduction: One of the important factors for the business is to maintain the quality. Quality of the products or services depends on various factors, and numbers of components are playing the role to increase or decrease the quality of an organization. Quality management is the concept that can help to maintain the quality of a company and to apply the quality there are different factors need to be satisfied. Employees are one of the factors that can drive the whole quality in to the top or even in to the down, of a company. As employees are the backbones of the company and also for the production, all the employees can hold the quality of the company. Basically after the evaluation of the market, company decided to implement some new tactics or to increase the quality then employees are the only factors who can guide the whole scenario for the company. Total quality management is the concept to increase the quality and to maintain the sustainable growth of the company (Dudek-burlikowska, 2015, p.239). There are many philosophers and scientists like Deming, Juran and much more who focused on the improvement of the quality of better business. Employees are the only well aware components of the company who can handle or lead the improvement of the quality to facilitate the business. In this paper, the TQM program of the emirates company and interview of one manager and two employees will be discussed for better understanding the importance of the employee in quality management. Company background: For this assignment, Emirates Airlines of the UAE has been chosen, and this is the best airlines service in the UAE. It was basically started by the UAE government in the year of 1958. After the formation, Emirates Airlines become topmost airline service in the UAE not only that they are on the list of top5 world best airlines brands (Fly10.emirates.com, 2018). Emirates Airlines has the employees above 40000 in numbers and has long flight among all others airlines in the UAE. Emirates Airlines TQM program: Emirates Airlines is the best airlines in the UAE and operated by the government, but recently a few years ago they faced some issues regarding the quality of their services and also have faced by the employee's confliction issues and lack of eagerness in meeting the customer demand. Despite this type of issues, they are able to fight back in their position by managing the quality. In order to maintain the brand, they increased their flight price and arranged the business class in their every flight (Syltevik et al. 2018, p.38). Due to this, their sales go down and occurred the loss. Some issues in the wages of employees have also occurred. After the managing of quality and service, they lower their service cost and also provides several offers to the customer to regain their position. They also provide the priority to the customers and training session has been held every month to make the employees aware of their job and quality. Basically their ground staffs, lower labors are comi ng from India, and they work for the money (Fly10.emirates.com, 2018). Emirates Airlines also increase their job security and wages structure to maintain the quality of root level. Evidence: In order to gain the proper knowledge of the TQM programs or initiatives, one manager and two employees are interviewed. Details of the interview are as below: Employees interview: Respondent 1: Q) Do you think that employees are essential to increase the TQM of the company? A) Yes, employees are the main components to increase the quality of the service. Within the flights, all the procedures are maintained by the staffs, air hostess and many other subordinates and only they can produce the quality service to the customers. There have been many issues regarding the bad service while journey but emirates increase the technology and develop training initiatives for the employees to provide the world class service, which is the vision of the company. Q) What is the steps company taken or going to take to involve the employees in increasing the TQM? A) Various steps have been taken by the company like ranking the employees by according to their performance, motivating the employees by providing extra wages, recruiting specialized employee to develop the websites properly, and most important is that the company is going to establish a department where people can complain or can provide feedback. These are the steps company have been taken to involve the employees to develop the TQM. Respondent 2: Q) What are the issues regarding Emirates Airlines and what are the steps company taken to improve it? A) Issues regarding the Emirates Airlines basically on the ground of customer dissatisfaction. Most of the time it was reported that the company did not reply to the customer's quarry and did not take any steps to satisfy customers demands. As the Emirates Airlines is the best airline in the UAE, their vision is to provide the world class service. In order to achieve the vision, Emirates Airlines launched several TQM programs such as improving the quality by using technology, increase the wage rate of the employees, providing quality customer service 24*7 and any more. Q) Do you think employees are the main backbone of a good TQM programme? A) Not only employees, to improve the quality all the sectors must need to develop properly. Employees can maintain the service, quality of the flight or also outside the flight but the company need to support their staffs and all the procedure smoothly and flexibly to impose the successful TQM service. Managers response: Q) What is the strategy to launch the TQM program successfully by involving the employees? A) After the evaluation of the market and customers feedback, it has been necessary to implement the new TQM program and involving employees in it can be the best strategy for us. In order to provide the quality service already several steps have been taken such as proper training of the employees, increasing the wage rate, high and fast customer service, hiring expert employees to handle the technologies and many more. If you look at the plan, it can be easily seen that every plan needs the involvement of the employees and the company also trying to renovate the whole employee facility structure from the ground level to high. Importance of the employees in the TQM is essential, and the company evaluates many theories of scientist and philosopher to develop the TQM plan properly. References: DUDEK-BURLIKOWSKA, M. (2015) The concept of Total Quality Management and the contemporary entrepreneurship in practice.J. Achiev. Mater. Manuf. Eng,73(2), pp.229-236. FLY10.EMIRATES.COM. (2018).Invalid process Emirates. [online] Available at: https://fly10.emirates.com/CAB/IBE/SearchAvailability.aspx?gclid=CjwKCAiAt8TUBRAKEiwAOI9pAIC4mrR0QlpX2yRDZvWbJPbesnCa6zg7nxo7fmcuFlFDq32duvveoBoCiEwQAvD_BwEgclsrc=aw.ds [Accessed 24 Feb. 2018]. SYLTEVIK, S., KARAMPERIDIS, S., ANTONY, J. AND TAHERI, B. (2018) Lean for airport services: a systematic literature review and agenda for future research.International Journal of Quality Reliability Management,35(1), pp.34-49.

One Of The Smartest People Ever To Live, Albert Einstein, Changed Our

One of the smartest people ever to live, Albert Einstein, changed our society's development forever with his views, theories, and developments. Einstein was born in Ulm, Germany on March 14, 1879. He was the only son of Hermann and Pauline Kech Einstein. He spent his youth in Munich, where his family owned a small electrical equipment plant. He did not talk until the age of three and by the age of nine, was still not fluent in his native language. (Discovering World History) His parents were actually concerned the he might be somewhat mentally retarded. His parent's concerns aside, even as a youth Einstein showed a brilliant curiosity about nature and an ability to understand difficult mathematical concepts. At the age of 12 he taught himself Euclidian Geometry. Einstein hated the dull regimental and unimaginative spirit of school in Munich. (Albert Einstein's Early Life) His parents wisely thought to transfer him out of that environment. Although Einstein's family was Jewish, he was sent to a Catholic elementary school from 1884 to 1889. He was then enrolled at the Luitpold Gymnasium in Munich. In 1894, Hermann Einstein's business failed and the family moved to Pavia, near Milan, Italy. Einstein was left behind in Munich to allow him to finish school. Such was not to be the case, however, since he left the gymnasium after only six more months. Einstein's biographer, Philip Frank, explains that Einstein so thoroughly despised formal schooling that he devised a scheme by which he received a medical excuse from school on the basis of a potential nervous breakdown. He then convinced a mathematics teacher to certify that he was adequately prepared to begin his college studies without a high school diploma. Other biographies, however, state that Einstein was expelled from the gymnasium on the grounds that he was a disruptive influence at the school. (Discovering World History) In 1895, Einstein thought himself ready to take the entrance examination for the Eldgenossiche Technische Hochschule (ETH: Swiss Federal Polytechnic School, or Swiss Federal Institute of Technology), where he planned to major in electrical engineering. When he failed that examination, Einstein enrolled at a Swiss cantonal high school in Aarau. He found the more democratic style of instruction at Aarau much more enjoyable than his experience in Munich and soon began to make rapid progress. He took the entrance examination for ETH a second time in 1896, passed, and was admitted to school, although other sources state that he was admitted without examination on the basis of his diploma from Aarau. ETH had little appeal to Einstein, however. He rarely attended classes and hated studying for examinations, although he did graduate with a secondary teaching degree in 1900. He became a teacher of mathematics and physics in secondary school. (Albert Einstein's Early Life) As a teacher Einstein was unable to find a regular teaching job. Instead he was a tutor in a private school in Schaffhausen. With his extra time in 1901, Einstein published his first scientific paper, "Consequences of Capillary Phenomena.? In 1902 he was hired at the patent office until 1909. During this period of time, he was wed to his first wife Mileva Marie and had two sons and a daughter. There are no records of his daughter due to the fact that she was given up for adoption, they simply did not want her. (Discovering World History) In 1905, during a single year, Einstein produced a series of three consecutive papers. These are among the most important in twentieth-century physics, and perhaps in all of the recorded history of science for they revolutionized the way scientists look at the nature of space, time, and matter. (Discovering World History) The series of three papers dealt with the nature of particle movement known as Brownian motion, the quantum nature of electromagnetic radiation as demonstrated by the photoelectric effect, and the special theory of relativity (Discovering Science). The first paper of the series, "On the Movement of Small Particles Suspended in Stationary Liquid Demanded by the Molecular-Kinetic Theory of Heat,? dealt with a phenomenon first observed by Scottish Botanist Robert Brown in 1827. Brown stated that tiny particles, such as dust particles, move about with a zigzag motion when suspended in water. The visible movement of

Negotiation in construction industrial dispute, an assessment of UAE situation

Negotiation in construction industrial dispute, an assessment of UAE situation Introduction Projects relating to constructions and contracts have greatly increased and are now recognized in the UAE over the past years. This has significantly given rise to great numbers of claims either between contractors and employers or even between contractors and sub-contractors (Hinchey and Schor 2002, 63).Advertising We will write a custom proposal sample on Negotiation in construction industrial dispute, an assessment of UAE situation specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More These disagreements are mostly solved by conciliation or arbitration and are predominantly held in the universal language which is English, where specialist arbitrators are appointed due to the nature of the subjects involved (Ren 2011, 123). Assessments of UAE situation and the negotiations in the construction industries Negotiation is another important mechanism for arranging construction contracts in the construction industry. Project managers may often fi nd themselves as participants in negotiations, either as principal negotiators or as expert advisors. These negotiations may be complicated and often present important opportunities and risks for the various parties involved. For example, negotiation on work contracts could involve issues such as completion date, arbitration procedures, special work item compensation, contingency allowances as well as the overall price (Essam 2006, 453). However, exogenous factors such as the history of a contractor and the general economic climate in the construction industry will determine the results of negotiations. The skill of a negotiator can affect the possibility of reaching an agreement, the profitability of the project, and the scope of any eventual disputes, and the possibility for additional work among the participants. Therefore, negotiations are an important task for many project managers. However, even after a contract is awarded on the basis of competitive bidding, there are many oc casions in which subsequent negotiations are required as conditions change over time (Fleming 2003, 13; Harmon 2004, 47). Poor negotiating strategies adopted by one or the other party may also preclude an agreement even with the existence of a feasible agreement range.Advertising Looking for proposal on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More For example, one party may be so demanding that the other party may simply decide to break off the negotiations. In this effect, negotiations are not a well behaved solution methodology for the resolution of disputes (Kumaraswamy and Chang 1998, 12; Al-Khalil and Al-Ghafly 1999, 647). Therefore, the possibility of negotiating failures in the land sale example highlights the importance of negotiating style and strategy with respect to revealing information. Style includes the extent to which negotiators are willing to seem reasonable, the type of arguments chosen, th e forcefulness of language used, etc. Clearly, different negotiating styles can be more or less effective in one way or another. Cultural factors are also extremely important and play a major role in negotiation processes. American and Japanese negotiating styles are very different (Cheung, Yiu and Yeung 2006, 132). For example, Revealing information is also considered as a negotiating decision. In the land sale case, some negotiators would readily reveal their reserve or constraint prices, whereas others would conceal as much information as possible or provide misleading information (Groton 1997, 76; Kumarasamy 1998, 56). Due to these problems, it is often beneficial to all parties to adopt objective standards in determining appropriate contract provisions. These standards would help in coming up with an agreement or a method to arrive at appropriate values in a negotiation (Ho and Liu 2004, 95; Scott 1993, 143). When it comes to additional issues, negotiations may become more comp licated both in procedure and in result. The sequence in which issues are defined or considered can be very important. Negotiations, for example, may proceed on an issue-by-issue basis, and the outcome may depend upon the exact sequence of issues considered.Advertising We will write a custom proposal sample on Negotiation in construction industrial dispute, an assessment of UAE situation specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Alternatively, the parties may decide to proceed by proposing complete agreement packages and then proceed to compare packages. When it comes to the outcomes, the possibility of the parties having different valuations or weights on particular issues may arise. When this happens, it is possible to trade-off the outcomes on different issues to the benefit of both parties (Brams and Lerner 1996, 59). Key questions Questions that are frequently asked are: What do you do in order to have a successful negotiation? What way s do you use to negotiate in the UAE construction industry? What types of negotiations that mostly occur in UAE construction industry? Have these negotiations ever occurred in the past or is this the first time they are happening? How have negotiations among contactors affected employer or the employee relationship in UAE construction industries? The Literature review This study reviews the pertinent literature on the subject of negotiations in order to attain the objectives; a thorough review is to be conducted by the use of books, referring to the journals on how disputes among contractors were solved in the past years and also by looking at conference papers to get information and find a solution to these negotiations (Kangari 1995, 65). According to Fleming (2003, 21), the most important items to consider in ADR include; the factors that currently impede the efficient, productive, timely and cost effective performance of projects, source of disputes and practical strategies to avoid disagreements or reduce the impact of disputes in negotiation, general degree of the direct and indirect costs of disputes to clients, contractors, other industry stakeholders and the community, primary principles of conflict management in the context of commercial disputes and practical dispute resolution strategies for facilitating the equitable, certain, amicable, timely and cost effective resolution of disputes (El- Sayegh 2006, 1169). Main reasons for study and analysis Coming up with an analyzed alternative on negotiating methods in construction industry in the United Arab Emirates so as to identify and analyze projects in which various ADR methods were used, to analyze the responses from questionnaires and interviews, to recommend compatible methods and further research and to conduct interviews with the selected representatives (Harmon 2004, 47). Interviews involving construction professionals Questionnaires are prepared and distributed to contractors and their employe es to fill in information about their disagreements, the main causes of these negotiations and their recommendations about these negotiations and what they think should be done to avoid these disagreements in the UAE industries. Writing research reports When writing research reports on negotiation in the construction industry is the main source of concern for anyone concerned with the construction process (Essex 1996, 67).Negotiation, mediation and arbitration remained the main methods for resolving the disputes but new techniques were being explored.Advertising Looking for proposal on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More When writing a research report inquires the introduction, background of the study, methodology, data analysis, and the conclusion. The construction industry has greatly increased in complexity over the past decades (Essex 1996, 76). A Proposed structure of dissertation Introduction This chapter talks about the construction industry in UAE and how the contractors manage to solve their disputes, talk about the construction projects and how they have increased or decreased in the last decade, introduce any complaints made by contractors or owners and employers or between contractors and sub- contractors and how they solve their disputes and lastly introduce future plans of the construction industry. An overview of negotiations This chapter will talk about: Negotiating method. Negotiations in the UAE construction industries. Institutional and legal framework for negotiating in the UAE construction industries. The UAE construction industries. Negotiating methods This chapter talks abou t the different types of negotiations that are there in a construction industry and these are; domestic or family, personal injuries, workers compensation, construction, bankruptcy, employee benefits and many more negotiations that arise in the UAE construction industry from the information you get from the employees through the questionnaires. It examines the relationship between negotiating when it comes to contracts. It will demonstrate the negotiating processes and how they have affected the employees and the employer’s relationship in the construction industry. The main causes of negotiation in the UAE construction industry This chapter talks about the main causes of misunderstandings, lack of communication, delay in delivery of materials, shortage of labor, financial difficulties by contractors, poor site management, slowness in decision making by client and many more causes as stated by contractors in the questionnaires. Ways of negotiating This chapter talks about all the methods used in negotiation in contraction disputes for example, mediation, conciliation, and arbitration and dispute resolution boards. Conclusion It focuses on conclusions of the study according to the information that was got from the questionnaires that were distributed to the contractors and employees of the UAE contraction companies. References Al-Khalil, M. and Al-Ghafly, M., 1999. Important causes of delay in the public uitility projects in Saudi Arabia. Construction Management and Economics 17, (5) 647-55. Brams, R. and Lerner, C., 1996. Construction Claims Deskbook. Aspen Law Business, USA. Cheung, S., Yiu, T. and Yeung, F., 2006. A Study of Styles and Outcomes in Construction Dispute Negotiation. J. Constr. Eng. Manage. 132, 805. El- Sayegh,S., 2006. Significant factors causing delay in UAE construction industry. Construction management and economics, 24, 1167- 1176. Essam, KZ., 2006. Construction claims in United Arab Emirates: Types, causes and frequency. Internat ional Journal of project management 24, 453-459. Essex, R., 1996. Means of Avoiding and Resolving Disputes during Construction. Tunneling and Underground Space Technology, 7(1), 10-77. Fleming, Q., 2003. Project procurement management: contracting, subcontracting, teaming. Pennsylvania: FMC Press. Groton, JP., 1997. Alternative dispute resolution in the construction industry. Dispute Resolution Journal, 76. Harmon, J., 2004. Construction conflicts and dispute resolution boards: attitudes and opinions of construction industry members. Conflict Resolution Journal, 47. Hinchey, JW. and Schor, L., 2002. The Quest for the Right Questions in the Construction Industry. Dispute Resolution Journal, 63. Ho, SP. and Liu, LY., 2004. Analytical model for analyzing construction claims and opportunistic bidding. Construction Engineering and Management, 130(1) 94-104. Kangari, R., 1995. Construction documentation in arbitration. Journal of Construction Engineering Management, 1(2), 63-123. Kumaras amy, M., 1998. Tracing the roots of construction claims and disputes. Cobra ‘98, RICS Foundation. Kumaraswamy, MM. and Chang, DW., 1998. Contributors to construction delays. Construction Management and Economics, 78-9. Ren, Z., 2011. Lessons Learned from Principled Negotiation in International Construction Projects. J. Legal Affairs Dispute Resolution in Eng. Constr. 3, 123. Scott, S., 1993. Dealing with delay claims: A Survey. International journal of Project Management, Vol-11, No. 3, pp.143.

Influenza as a Viral Infectious Disease Research Paper

Influenza as a Viral Infectious Disease - Research Paper Example Natural hosts of this virus are wild aquatic birds and it can be transmitted to the domestic poultry and infect human. Influenza B virus is less virulent, and it has only one serotype. It usually infects human and does not have other natural hosts. The human receives immunity to this virus in early ages, but still, it doesn’t give us lasting immunity as the virus mutates. Influenza C is less spread and is transmitted to human, pigs, and dogs. (CDC,2014) Aerosol transmission is the most common way of the spread of influenza virus. People can be infected when they inhale aerosols that contain viruses. The other way of transmission is direct one when mucus from an infected person gets in eyes, nose or mouth of a healthy person. Also, it can be transmitted through immediate contact with contaminated surfaces. The main symptoms of influenza are fever, temperature runs up to 38-39 C, fatigue, aching muscles, headache, dry cough, runny nose. Usually, people recover in one to two weeks after appropriate treatment. But sometimes complications such as pneumonia may occur.( Cowling BJ,2014) Influenza is a quite ole disease as it was preserved throughout human history. The first evidence of influenza pandemic was observed in Russia in 1580 and then spread to Europe. The highest amount of people was infected during the Spanish flu pandemic in 1918-1919 and it caused approximately 20 million deaths worldwide and 500.000 deaths in the United States. There were a lot of different symptoms and this disease was misdiagnosed as cholera or typhoid. Lately was observed that symptoms were provoked by bacterial pneumonia. Other influenza pandemics were not so huge. Among them was an Asian flu pandemic in 1957 that caused 70.000 deaths in the United States, Hong Kong flu in 1968 provoked 34.000 deaths in the United States, Russian flu in 1977 and 2009-2010 flu pandemic. Therefore, influenza is an infectious disease that causes by a virus. It is a quite common disease nowadays. Children and elderly are at the highest risk. Influenza transmitted through the air and immediate contact w ith contaminated surfaces. There were a lot of influenza pandemics that cause a high rate of deaths all over the world. They included Spanish flu, Asian flu, Hong Kong flu. To prevent influenza trivalent and the quadrivalent vaccine is available that provides immunity against different influenza virus subtypes. The most effective and safe treatment of influenza contains such medicines as oseltamivir, zanamivir, amantadine, and rimantadine.